What If There Was a Recession and No One Noticed?

This is Paul Swinney, here to tell you about another podcast you should be listening to. The tape. Join us every weekday as we bring you detailed analysis of the day's wall street action from Blueberg Intelligence and Blueberg Opinion, a conversation with influential newsmakers. There's absolutely nothing wrong with having something cash on the sideline you're leaning pretty hard toward equities. Because of all the dislocations, there's always relative value trades that you could be doing. Subscribe to the tape today on Apple, Spotify, Bloomberg.com or wherever you get your podcasts. Hello, and welcome to What Goes Up, a weekly markets podcast. My name is Mike Regan. I'm a senior editor at Bloomberg. And I'm Valdana Hierarch, a cross-asset reporter with Bloomberg. At this week on the show, well, don't pinch yourself. You're not dreaming. And don't bother to call the IT department to adjust your computer monitor. It's working fine. The stock market really did just put in one of the strongest first haps of a year in forever, at least for the Nasdaq 100, which as of this recording is up about 37% so far in 2023. So how exactly did that happen when everyone in their dog was calling for a recession this year? And what can we expect next? We'll get into it with a very special guest. But first, Valdana, I think many listeners are probably familiar with the famous Bloomberg pantry. We're very lucky to have snacks and coffee and soft drinks. What's your favorite part of the Bloomberg pantry? Bloomberg pantry. Okay, we have these really cool machines that I heard are straight from Italy that make lattes. Yeah. You use those? I do. They're like dotted all over the place. One of them is brand new and makes like the silkyst latte. So I love those. I was going to be corny and say the people. Oh my God. Please don't make me roll my eyes. All right. I was walking through the pantry the other day and there is something to being back in the office and not working at home all the time because you're running the people. I had my eggs, my hard boiled egg, my coffee, a pocket full of red licorice. And I ran into our guests this week and made me think, you know what, it's about time we had her on the show. We have a lot of strategists on the show from outside of the firm. But we're lucky to have one of the best in the business right here. When I see her in the hallways, I never say hi because I'm like, oh no, I'm leaving her alone because she needs her time. She's so busy. Really? Really? Yes. I never say hello to me. Oh, I never say hello to you on purpose. I'm like, oh, turn the other way. Completely different reason. I guess. Turn the other way. Yes. Okay. It's Gina Martin Adams, chief equity strategist at Bloomberg Intelligence and she's been on the show before and we're so lucky to have you back. Thank you for joining us. Well, thank you for having me. That was quite an introduction. Well, you should just stop it right there on that high note and call it a quiz. Thanks everybody for listening me this week. But it's a good week. Gina to have you on you. You guys just came out with your mid-year outlook for equities. Talk to us about sort of your main takeaways about this crazy strong rally we've seen this year and what we should take away most from the mid-year outlook. Yeah. I think there's a lot to unpack with the market so far this year. I think the biggest takeaway for me really is we cannot drop the ball on following earnings trends and earnings did give us a lot of indication that 2022 was going to be weak. They also have given us a lot of support in 2023 and I think that many people just missed the gains in the equity market. It has been a powerful rally but remember it comes off of a really rough go in 2022 for that NASDAQ and for some of those tech stocks. So earnings trends very, very important inflation likewise important not only for its impact on earnings trends but because inflation in the 70s and 80s was a really great timing mechanism for stock tops and bottoms once again inflation peaks tax bottom and we're off to the races as inflation is decelerating so that's a that's a big takeaway from us. I think thirdly sentiment is still pretty mixed a sentiment gave us an indication in October of last year that we should start getting more constructive to stocks because everybody else had left the building. There was just nobody left that wanted to touch equity markets and sentiment is still somewhat mixed. I do think that people are still really nervous about this potential economic recession and how deep or long it may be people are still really nervous about the Fed as long as I keep getting pushed back from people that we shouldn't be constructive then we probably should be constructive. I really like the very first line of the mid year of your mid year outlook. So I want to read it, stocks should breathe a sigh of relief as the inflation pig appears to have passed through the S&P 500 earnings Python that's so good and so visual thank you. And then you also mentioned margin pressures from 2022 they're fading and should offset any revenue weakness. Can you talk a little bit about that and then also about the idea I want to bring AI into this as well like if we are expecting all these companies to be spending on AI does that hurt margins? Yeah. Really great questions. So I am very well known as being obsessed with margins as a matter of fact one of my associates one time accidentally wrote my name Gina Margin Adams on a piece of work instead of Gina Martin. She says it was an accident but it's just something that I follow very, very carefully and margins had been just crashing when inflation was accelerating margins X energy which is an important clarification on the S&P 500 crashed from late 2021 right through to the first quarter of this year but started and we're starting to see margin improvement occur on the index and that is a direct reflection of the inflation landscape consumer prices are decelerating producer prices growth is also decelerating but consumer price growth is decelerating the slower pace than producer price growth and that margin is directly impacting the S&P 500. On top of that we did go through some pretty significant layoffs in 2022 and that's enabling margin recovery for some of the index. So what we're starting to see is actually green shoots in the earnings stream and we started writing about this in the first quarter of the earnings season people were like you got to be crazy the economy is going to fall apart you can't you can't have green shoots in the earnings stream when the economy economy is going to be falling apart but that's what we see and as long as that continues that fundamental shift in margins should lead to much better earnings stability for the index going forward in particular for X energy sectors. Now tech is a really interesting phenomenon right now because what's happening in tech is in some cases very different from what's happening in the rest of the index and in some cases the same and in where it's very different is there is optimism in tech there's optimism nowhere else in the S&P 500 the equal weighted S&P is still trading below its pre-pandemic average levels but there's a ton of optimism in tech tech valuations are at pandemic peaks and the S&P specifically and that's a function of both margins starting to improve this really started the tech rally nobody wants to admit it because everybody thinks it's all about AI but the reality is tech cut costs tech cut those costs that created a margin bottom for tech and created an uptrend an up draft in earnings estimate revision for that space going into later that later part of this year so that created the initial rounds of optimism and then what's different is AI and AI certainly is driving an anticipated recovery and spending at large and capital spending in particular that impacts different segments of tech and communications and some of the consumer discretionary sectors in very different ways so some of the companies that are big beneficiaries of that capital spending obviously can see really significant revenue growth to offset any any spend that they have to develop product companies that are simply going to have to spend in order to on board have face a different scenario they'll need to see revenue growth in other spaces but it does appear to be creating this sort of snowball effect throughout the entire in the entirety of the tech sector where there is this optimism embedded in prices that could be a risk it later this year if tech companies aren't starting to post the earnings growth that it's anticipated in that valuation then we could face some down draft in tech but for now it looks like it's only creating an up wave in expectations gee one of the most interesting things to me in the mid year outlook is you guys have at at BI equity strategy have your own economic regime model that model actually suggests that the recession is coming gone that it's happened in what the second half of 2022 which sort of makes this market make a lot more sense than everyone bracing for a recession but could you walk us through sort of the inputs of that model on what exactly it's showing and what makes you make that analysis that it really look like a recession last year yeah so the economic regime model we we designed this I designed this many many years ago when I was with another firm that shall remain nameless but nonetheless it is designed to give us a read on the current read on the economy by indicators that are historically very meaningful for predicting stock prices so we really isolate that read on the economy and into four factors we use consumer confidence we use ISM we use capacity utilization and we use continuing claims and those four factors together have given us we put them into a logistic regression I don't want to get too nerdy but nonetheless most of the time those factors give us an output of a range of from zero to one and most of the time they give us an output of near one which would suggest the economy is just fine the input from the economy for the equity market is very positive you should expect positive returns over time when the when the output is at one when it drops below one it creates risk to the equity market right and so this indicator gave us an it started suggesting there were economic risks emerging for the equity market as early as June of last year and then it hit just an outright low level like a low that you never see outside of recession near zero in December of last year so we effectively had this big loss of momentum in the economy then impacted the equity market extremely negative between June and December of last year since December it's certainly not out of the woods it's still terrible the reading is awful it suggests we may and we may actually still be in some form of an economic correction or recession but it's off of the low so this is what's really meaningful for price direction is as we know equity prices are driven by shifts in momentum right so even if the economy is still in recession the recession reached its big momentum trough according to this indicator as of December now this is really contradictory to any economic thought out there and you know every economist will tell you no way we're in recession the job market was very stable I was going to ask what was the main driver of that was it poor consumer confidence mainly oh it was everything I mean you know remember ISM peaked all the way back in 2011 we use or 2021 we use ISM as another indicator as a component of our market health checklist and it gave us a really early read that things were going south as of the end of 2021 so ISM was plummeting for much of last year may have crested it's low as well and that certainly helps continuing claims were stable to higher so they weren't particularly great consumer confidence was awful we had those two back-to-back negative GDP readings as well we did there were definite weaknesses and we saw that really clearly in earnings and I think that this is the important point I'm not trying to make a forecast for the economy it doesn't matter to me whether we fall into a technical recession or not I need to forecast earnings and I need to forecast what's going to happen with or figure out what's going to happen we're likely to happen with stock price returns and these four indicators as a group I've done a very good job of suggesting to me where I should be with respect to the equity market and how constructive you want to be and basically what it said is go as far away from equities as you can in June and in December get back in and that's what the model said to us and it may or may not eventually prove to be the case that we did or did not fall in recession in 2022 but the economic indicators that matter to me as an equity strategist suggest that the distress has reached some sort of low point we're still somewhat distressed but not as distressed as we were last year with all the chaos and turmoil in the news it feels like we never get to hear about the good happening in our world we're on a mission to change that welcome to the good stuff I'm Jacob Schick a third generation combat Marine and I'm his co-host and wife Ashley Schick we believe everyone has a story to tell not only about the peaks but the valleys they've been through to get them to where they are today as we get to tell stories of inspiration and perseverance we're joined by some amazing guests who share the lessons they've learned that shape two they are and what they're doing to pay it forward and give back our guests range from some of my fellow warriors to NFL cheerleaders to extreme sports legends to New York City firefighters who survived 9-11 listen to the good stuff on the iHeartRadio app Apple podcasts or whatever you get your podcast there's so much news happening around the world that we're somehow supposed to stay on top of that's why we launched the big tick it's a daily podcast from Bloomberg and iHeartRadio that turns down the volume a bit to give you some space to think I'm Wes Kosova each weekday I dig into one important story and talk about why it matters listen to the big tick on the iHeartRadio app Apple podcasts or wherever you listen this is really interesting to me because I feel like in recent days more and more people have been bringing up the fact like we've been waiting for this recession there still aren't crazy great signs that something is happening right now but somebody I spoke with earlier this week said if you're looking at the market if you look at small caps for instance where you mentioned the eco weight S&P index that actually you could almost make the argument that those stocks are pricing in a recession because they're what do you make of that yeah and as a matter of fact I think large caps priced in recession as well last year we run a different model we call it our fair value model and this is a model that utilizes consensus expectations to suggest where the fair value for various equity markets are around the world macro economic expectations and that model at the lows of last year was anticipating a 15% decline in earnings coming over the next 12 months so that would say that okay if the market is right here as of October 1st 2022 we are officially headed into a major earnings recession in 2023 a major decline in earnings of 15% more because remember earnings were already declining by that point in time so that would be equivalent to roughly a 20% drop in earnings which is very consistent with historical recession experience we already priced it in the equity market and unless we get a greater than 20% drop in earnings those lows are probably pretty firm yep the October lows are probably pretty firm at least that would be what was implied in that in that model at that time small caps very similarly small caps are much more economically sensitive or sensitive to the the movements in the US economy than our large caps so the divergence between large caps and small caps could be easily explained by the ongoing weakness in the domestic economy the divergence between what's happening in tech and some of the bigger cap names and some of the multinationals that are more sensitive to foreign exchange in large caps versus small caps which don't get those benefits of the dollar move small caps are not as beneficial not as benefited by a re-emerging Asia out of COVID restrictions where large caps get a little bit of boost there so there's I think a lot of what's happened in the equity market as much as people think it's very mysterious and things are not explained by fundamentals I actually think the the equity advances largely explained by some fundamental shifts well you also discuss the notion of a fed pause in your outlook and what historically has happened after a pause I guess we don't really know if yeah this is the highest that the fed funds rate will be Jerome Powell keep saying maybe probably two more quarter point increases this year I feel like the market could digest another half point on on the fed funds rate after this and and you know whether this is a pause or it's a pause after another 50 basis points I don't think is that big of a difference but I do wonder you know if we do plateau there for a while and the bond market falls in line with that and we have an elevated risk free rate compared to what we saw a pre pandemic how does that influence you're thinking on what the market will do and valuations specifically does that suggest to you a a sort of lower ceiling for valuations or does this tech euphoria overshadow that and out way where the risk free rate is going to be yeah I it's a really good question I think the equity market will really dismiss anything that happens with the Fed in the short run I think that we're kind of over it right it's just yeah okay we're pausing you might hike one or two more times but it's largely been the near term price action is the near term action from the Fed has been priced I do think there's a risk though that the bond market is very convinced that this is not a pause it's just a short term pause that leads to a series of cuts and we do see that sort of infiltrating equity market psychology through valuations for long duration versus slow duration stocks so hydration equities are much more sensitive interest rates hydration equities are still trading increasingly trading at a premium to low duration equities which would substantiate that bond market forecast so I think later this year you do have some risk if the economy does not comply if we don't ultimately fall into that growth malaise or recession if we don't see inflation really viciously come down to more normalized levels than the bond market has to adjust and that will have impacts on the equity market this it won't be as negative as the last year's impacts because you have the offset right if the bond market is having to adjust to then an outlook where the Fed funds rate doesn't have to come down and instead stays stable for longer that only impacts valuations because that only happens in an environment where economic growth is actually still stronger than anybody had hoped right and inflation is coming down and so that offset that stronger economic growth than anybody had hoped with a decelerating inflation is very good for the earnings stream and it really substantiates 2024 forecasts for earnings which should help the equity market sustain that movement but it will create volatility and equities probably for longer duration equities more than short duration equities that's what I'm worried about with respect to the Fed that longer term I remember it was just a couple of weeks ago I think when people some people were suggesting the Fed was going to start cutting in July yeah yeah is now yeah but I want to ask you just to go back to the AI theme just broadly speaking what you make of it in terms of it being such a big driver for the rally for companies spending on AI and what the possibilities are of it driving not just spending with the big mega caps but also with I don't know smaller companies that might start utilizing AI in different ways and how that might be beneficial or even underpin the bull case yeah I think it's really early to say what the potential of this is long-term and certainly we'll go through the process of trying to price that over the next six to 12 months that said every cycle starts with some new innovation some new catalyst for growth and what you do tend to find is that if you get this catalyst for growth it emanates throughout and tends to broaden in terms of its impact on industries companies and sectors at large and think about this if we're able to accelerate the utilization of AI and tech there's no reason why that ultimately would not also benefit the margins of even consumer staples companies long-term right so this is right now really being implemented as a driver of revenue growth right and I think that's the psychology right now is that this will help drive revenue growth long-term for tech what we haven't thought through and probably the second derivative impact of this is okay it'll help drive revenue growth for tech and companies will spend a little bit more on this they'll probably shift spending so it's not a net net margin drag in that capacity instead of spending on other capital investments they'll spend on AI presumably in that sense if they're spent spending the same amount they're elevating the value of revenue or they're elevating revenue growth potential for the tech space which are the producers of AI but then they also are implementing these technologies which should reduce their margin pressures or reduce margins longer term make their companies much more efficient and that efficiency improvement is the long-term big big benefit that I think we have yet to really price because we just don't know how fast can it be implemented how quickly can it actually improve efficiency and drive productivity gains we all have read all the articles about how horribly unproductive the US economy is this is a potential big game changer I don't think that is at all in the consensus forecast right now I think most people are saying look you know that we're still going to struggle with this these labor dynamics and very low productivity rates and and whatnot so it's a potentially very big game changer longer term but it's going to take us a while to work that out for now it is very much a driver of revenue optimism and tech yeah well I hear efficiency gains and I interpret that as job layoffs which obviously feeds back into your economic models how big of a risk is that do you think I think it's limited in the short run mostly because we have record levels of available jobs open in the economy as it is either way that I see the job market I think it's a little different than the way that many people have characterized the job market the way that I see it is in 2020 we had a mass mass layoff experience I mean the worst layoff experience that any of us hopefully will ever face in our lives with the unemployment rate just shooting higher layoffs throughout all industries except for tech and to a lesser extent financials it is therefore no surprise that come 2022 the sectors that did not lay off in 2020 suddenly had to layoff workers and so it was just this sort of 2022 was kind of this mini to me mini layoff experience many recession whatever it might be we want however you want to characterize it reflecting the 2020 experience and now we've gotten to the point of presumably close to stable labor market conditions and I derive this expectation really through an analysis of challenger layoffs it's not the most popular economic series but if you look at challenger layoffs challenger layoffs really peaked with the fourth quarter layoffs in the tech space they started to decelerate as of the first quarter they're continuing to decelerate can that's very consistent with what we're getting out of earnings call sentiment and the announcements of layoffs in earnings calls earnings layoffs announced by US companies in earnings reports peaked in the fourth quarter they decelerated to a lower level in the first quarter and I anticipate that to continue in the second quarter so so far it looks like the labor market weakness is really minimal ultimately long term do you have some layoffs affiliated with AI or is your growth so much faster that those jobs all come back even faster yeah right I don't know how much transfer of labor there is between the layoff worker the layoff workers and communications and technology industries into AI sorts of positions yeah but I it is a question but I don't think we're going to face major labor constraints as a result or major labor weaknesses as a result of AI for quite some time and it seems like it'll be you know while the revenue lines are moving higher for the chip makers and the cloud companies for companies actually trying to utilize AI to boost their own efficiencies it feels like we're just only in the R&D phase for all of that it's not it's not immediately going to be a needle mover for anything from that side of it it does seem very very early in the game the equity market moves so far in advance and so fat much faster than the economy that will feel the economic impacts for five years in the equity market will price it in in six months so I think we do need to respect that dynamic but nonetheless I do think it's still very very early and the degree to which this took the consensus by surprise was quite shocking well does that notion of the benefits of AI broadening out beyond big tech affected all how you're thinking about magnificent seven is the latest new buzzword for the top seven weights in the SMP your big mega cap alpha bets and Nvidia your team had magma we did we had a few we tried fab five for the big five we have done the magnificent seven as well I've gotten into this game and none of them have really taken off so we need to get one that sticks I know I need to find one that sticks the problem is also the market cap concentration shifts are pretty significant so sometimes Tesla's in there sometimes Berkshire Hathaway Hathaway Hathaway Hathaway Hathaway with a bunch of tech companies how do I describe this how are you thinking of that concentration I've heard sort of different arguments from different people that a lot of people think well the rest of the market's bound to catch up eventually but it's hard to see a correction in mega cap tech without a really nasty SMP 500 have you done any work thinking about this type of top heavy rally and what we should think will come next yeah we actually dedicated a note to it a couple of weeks ago really looked at concentration risk and what it may or may not mean we are historically concentrated in terms of gains but what it actually means going forward as gains might slow let me just start there yeah but there are two experiences in our past in which we have had extraordinary concentration in similar fashion to the concentration that we have today 2000 and 2020 and the outcome of both of those was totally different in 2000 the concentrated gains ended with in tears right all of the biggest names really crashed in 2020 the rest of the market caught up and the difference there was earnings trends in 2000 earnings for the rest of the market just kept crashing along with the tech stocks tech earnings fell in 2020 the rest of the market started experiencing an earnings recovery so I believe that earnings are going to make the difference now when I look at the earnings outlook for tech and the rest of the sectors I actually see some justification for this concentration risk in earnings as well because the biggest stocks in the index had a magnificent earnings recession in 2022 we're talking 2025 some in some cases 30% declines in APS they have started to show some signs of stabilization and recovery earlier than the rest of the market which has enabled this rotation so right now they have an earnings edge on the rest of the market if you will they're the only stocks that you know people feel confident that their earnings recovery is already emerging that they have a longer term outlook for earnings growth that is emerging the rest of the market will have to prove the case that they too can participate in this but unless they start failing on that earnings recovery there's no reason to fade it and I think that's important to consider maybe they'll start failing on the earnings recovery and that would be a very good reason to fade that rally I'm working on the presumption that the rest of the market will broaden out and start to catch up to tech in terms of earnings mostly because of the inflation dynamic that we talked about the pig and the python at the very beginning but it's important the other thing I'll say about concentration risk that I think nobody talks about is 2023's gains first are not historically unprecedented they're too short to be historically unprecedented we had a longer period of concentrated gains in both 22,000 as well as 2020 but secondly they do come off of unprecedented historic losses in 2022 that's the one thing that makes this story very different than 2020 or 2000 tech had a horrible year 2022 this space underperformed the market for 12 straight months last year and I think that's really important for setting the background for why they're outperforming now very different characteristic than has existed in past experiences with all the chaos and turmoil in the news it feels like we never get to hear about the good happening in our world we're on a mission to change that welcome to the good stuff I'm Jacob Schick a third generation combat Marine and I'm his co-host and wife Ashley Schick we believe everyone has a story to tell not only about the peaks but the valleys they've been through to get them to where they are today as we get to tell stories of inspiration and perseverance we're joined by some amazing guests who share the lessons they've learned that shape to they are and what they're doing to pay it forward and give back our guests range from some of my fellow warriors to NFL cheerleaders to extreme sports legends to New York City firefighters who survived 9-11 listen to the good stuff on the iHeartRadio app apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcast there's so much news happening around the world that we're somehow supposed to stay on top of that's why we launched the big take it's a daily podcast from Bloomberg and iHeartRadio that turns down the volume a bit to give you some space to think I'm Wes Kosova each weekday I dig into one important story and talk about why it matters listen to the big take on the iHeartRadio app apple podcasts or wherever you listen I want to ask you about one other hot topic which is cash which basically became its own as a class last year because so many people were putting were going into cash I think in June money market funds saw a record high level there's all these different ways to measure people favoring cash over the last year or so but before you're thinking about 5% yields on cash how does that compare now seeing a 14% rise in the S&P 500 or 37% rise in the Nasdaq 100 and what is the possibility of some of that cash actually starting to move into the equities market yeah I think this is a great question and this is one area where I have had a minor amount of success in creating a shortcut description I call this Tara instead of Tina we all remember Tina there are there is no alternative and Tara is there are reasonable alternatives and some people are adopting this one so we'll go with that let's make it happen yeah let's make Tara has definitely changed the game for equities and it's not just cash but it's also bond yields are much much higher so the relative value of equities in a multi asset portfolio is quite different than it was from us to the last the last cycle the way that I think about this the activity risk premium in comparison to bonds is probably the most relevant I think cash is and is not competitive with equities I think people save in cash with a different outlook than they save in equities first of all I think most people think of equities as a long term asset for savings whereas putting money on a money market fund still makes it quite accessible to you for you to utilize it's kind of a different savings mechanism but nonetheless yields across the border higher and that's the story which makes the equity risk premium much lower than it used to be and equities much less attractive relative to bonds than they have been at least for the most of the last cycle from 2009 to 2019 most of that period of time equities were in the fourth quintile of history in terms of the equity risk premium relative to bonds that meant you were really getting pushed into equities as an asset class your expected returns and that kind of climate for equities are 11% annualized it's fantastic it was just one of the best periods of time ever to be an equity investor justified by very very low relative yields you were just forced in now equities risk premium is closer to the third quintile of history which implies your return expectations for equities are much more limited your average return per year in that environment you on average would anticipate closer to 6% annualized returns to equities and it really is just a function of math you know when you're thinking about allocating assets you can consider now yield oriented investments as a long-term investor you can yield actually contributes to your portfolio equities have very little yield even if you look at the dividend yield relative to the 10 year treasury it's just not particularly fun it's 2% on the S&P 500 you're just not going to get a lot so add that to the earnings yield and that's your all-out yield you could get really stretchy and add buyback yield to it too and it's still equities are not that attractive relative to bonds anymore Gina you do all these great models this great quantitative work I want to take you out of that comfort zone a little bit and talk about the things that really I think cause a sharp correction in equities is when there's something unforeseen something no one predicted or very few predicted and I get go back to the the notion of the Fed we have seen this aggressive tightening from the Fed we did see the issues with Silicon Valley Bank and a few other first republic that duration risk problem they all had I just wonder the way you look at the universe is there a way to sort of model kind of a black swan thing or something from the Fed tightening that's yet to come I think even Jerome Powell this week said there's a lot of tightening that still has to work its way through the economy and the financial system is is that work you can do I mean is there another shoe to drop from this aggressive rate height campaign is there any way to predict that or at least prepare for it and sort of your the way you look at the world I don't think there's a way to model it I think there's a way to think it through and the way to think it through is identify the sectors or the space in the economy that benefit most from interest rates at 0% and acknowledge that there probably are segments of that group or industry or investment or whatever it might be that are built upon a foundation of interest rates remaining low forever and therefore when interest rates go higher will experience some degree of distress and default and so it's not a model approach it's just more logical yeah the question you have to ask yourself as an investor is when interest rates were for a very short period of time at 0% in 2020 in 2021 where did that money go where was the most borrowing how did that manifest itself and did that borrowing results in excess supply of something that is going to be subject to a shortfall of demand like did we plan too much for these low interest rates to persistent perpetuity this cycle is particularly difficult on this I think that the most frequently presented sort of areas of risk are the least likely to be the candidates to create the down draft and I say that because everyone I think is looking at things like office and commercial real estate they're looking at residential real estate they're looking at the perpetrators of the last crisis because that's the easy spot and they're thinking okay I live through the great financial crisis and therefore I know what happens when interest rates go higher and squeeze off growth and therefore I know that it's going to be residential and commercial real estate that are the areas of most risk I think because we went through the great financial crisis those are the areas of most likely not the areas of greatest risk in the economy instead it's somewhere else that low interest rates we're fueling excess borrowing fueling excess investment that was unsustainable and if there's one area where I think that was the case it probably is private credit private equity and I don't know how this ultimately works its way through the financial markets how it ultimately works its way through the economic the economy because I just don't know of those losses will forever be paper losses or will real we be real losses I think some of them will be I think certainly they're yeah exactly I just don't I don't know how this is going to work itself out but there was not a ton of housing activity when the rates were zero percent so why would we point our our finger there there wasn't we weren't building offices like crazy in 2020 we have a shortage of demand of offices for sure and probably some excess supply that will will ultimately go into distress and default but this is not a phenomenon like 2007 2008 so that's the way that I think about it long story short find those areas of excess because those are the areas that are most yeah yeah that makes a lot of sense well Gina Martin Adams chief equity strategist at Bloomberg intelligence so great to have you on the show we can't let you go just yet though we do have the tradition on the show to discuss the craziest things we've seen in markets Madonna what do you have okay this is a Bloomberg story it's about an apartment that's listed for sale in New York City it's listed for sale for four million dollars which apparently is a bargain because it comes with a huge catch there's somebody already living in the apartment has been living there for decades and I don't think has plans to leave and so this tenant pays 2346 dollars a month and can continue renewing their lease even if you know the apartment gets new ownership it's a 5,800 square foot apartment oh my god it's rents stabilized and until the tenant leaves if you own the apartment you're actually operating at a huge loss because just the taxes alone oh yeah the monthly taxes are five thousand five hundred dollars and there's common charges of two thousand eight hundred dollars which is more than the tenant pays to live there that is wild but apparently so like in that same building another apartment went for almost eleven million another one went for nine point four seven five million in February so you'd be getting a bargain well yeah you got to eat those that loss for however many years but that is pretty fascinating all right that's a good one Vildon I'll give you that mine is has to do with the IPO market which Gina as you know is not exactly been the hottest market this year this was not an IPO of a company it was an IPO of a painting so story courtesy of courts and I think they've done this in crypto fractional ownership of paintings but this is more of a regular traditional approach to it it's Francis Bacon's masterpiece three studies for a portrait of George Dyer finished in 1963 gone IPO I think in a few weeks at a specialty exchange that was just created in Lichtenstein of all places Lichtenstein Lichtenstein hundred dollars a share is the offering price I'm not going to tell you how many shares are being offered though because it's time to play the price is precise your favorite game show what do you think the total value of Francis Bacon's masterpiece three studies of a portrait of George Dyer the first ever painting to be IPO and the way this will work is you'll you'll buy your share in the painting but then it's going to go be hung in a museum somewhere they don't they don't know which museum yet and basically what you're hoping for is a takeover a hospital takeover of it at a higher level than the market cap and as they they always say art has a pretty reliable fine art has a pretty reliable return profile if you believe all these art hucksters I don't know but name that price what what do you think the total market cap is of three studies for a portrait of George Dyer I'll tell you this it's not going to make it into the magnificate magnificate seven as far as market cap that's the only hit I'll give you okay that's not a very good hint because it's not going to be a trillion billion okay so you don't even get to own this painting you can't take it home no you can go visit it in the museum I see but you want to share of it so that if it the hope I guess is that some private collector says wait a minute this thing's a bargain I'm going to go but you can share if there's a frenzy for the shares in this painting they'll trade like a stock so I see the value will go up and down you could you could unload your shares at a profit presumably and I got to say I bet you to I bet you these shares do pretty well just for the novelty of it if you kind of cool down 10 shares at a masterpiece I'm going to go with 28 million 28 million all right Gina how about you I have no idea how to value all right I'll say a hundred million a hundred million actually 55 million oh I thought I was so close I really thought I was so close wait but I still win because Gina went over yeah sorry Gina that's such day I have no idea I'm talking about yeah it's all right fully willing to admit it all right well I think that is all the time we have unless Gina you have a crazy thing you want to share I don't know I do not I don't have a really crazy thing the only thing that I think is really crazy right now it's that's actually an investible theme is the heat I'm blown away by the fact that we are going to face terrible air quality conditions again in the Northeast as a result of these wildfires that we've got yeah people actually dying in Texas of overheating and it's only June so I think this summer is going to be interesting I was wondering if that at some point this smoke starts to become macro influential if it starts having an impact on something I don't know whether it be crops or travel I don't know do you think that's there's a potential for that well I think it's possible remember when the volcano erupted in Iceland oh yeah all of that volcanic ash in the air shut down European travel for a while it's definitely possible because all of this terrible sediment in the air is can create really big problems and remember they did have to very short term on that terrible air quality day in New York they did have to shut down the airports yeah yeah just a short period of time but it's so it's certainly possible yeah or even that the health effects you know if there's an object in asthma you know that that sort of thing that's something to keep an eye on for sure I'm surprised it hasn't you know started influencing some prices somewhere on something I'm sure it has I just haven't noticed I think it has I think it will continue to influence for sure or even if people getting getting lunch being too afraid to step outside to buy lunch yeah yeah well that's a good crazy thing off the top of your head Gina oh thanks I don't know I don't know I'm gonna read up next time for crazy things before I come I thought you meant the Miami heat since you're from Florida oh yeah no I wasn't talking about Miami not after that uh that last finals performance they're they're short short that team anyway Gina Martin Adams chief equity strategist at Bloomberg Intelligence always such a treat to catch up with you and hear how you're thinking about things I encourage all terminal subscribers go out and read that mid-year outlook it's chock full of really a lot of interesting studies and and outlook for for the rest of your thank you so much Gina thank you thank you Gina what was up we'll be back next week until then you can find us on the Bloomberg terminal website and app or wherever you get your podcasts we'd love it if you took 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